Wednesday, April 10, 2013

AP Practice Essay (1982)



            The seemingly arbitrary murder of the Arab in Albert Camus’s The Stranger contributes to the theme of absurdism in the novel.
            The protagonist, Meursault, is walking on the beach when an Arab confronts his friend Raymond with a knife. Convincing Raymond not to retaliate unless the Arab strikes first, Meursault does not seem inclined to commit any acts of violence against the Arab. However, shortly after this incident, Meursault comes across the Arab again. Feeling the sun pressing him onward, Meursault takes out a gun and shoots the Arab, not once, but four times when he sees the glint of the Arab’s knife in the sunlight.
            The murder of the Arab plays a significant role in the interpretation of Meursault as an absurd man. Previously, Meursault would not have been considered a violent character. Camus includes the description of Meursault cautioning Raymond against rash actions to establish that Meursault does not condone nor rashly engage in violence in moments of passion. This fact makes Meursault’s murder of the Arab seem even more confusing and unexpected. Meursault gives elaborate descriptions of the environment, such as the blazing hot sun and the sharp glint of the Arab’s knife, and explains how he feels the need to reduce the incredible pressure from the environment acting against him. Since the reader knows that Meursault is not reacting to the Arab’s actions against Raymond, the reader must conclude that the only factor influencing Meursault’s extreme act of violence is the environment.
            The murder demonstrates the effects of absurdist thinking on Meursault. Camus’s interpretation of absurdism is essentially that life has no inherent meaning, so one’s actions do not have any significant value. Thus, to Meursault, the murder should have no lasting significance other than the effect in that moment. In the moment, the murder succeeded in reducing the pressure of the environment on Meursault. For an absurdist, the meaning ends here. Meursault recognizes that he has the choice to either shoot or not shoot, but he does not consider how these choices will have drastically different consequences. If life has no meaning, then the two choices do not actually matter very much. Indeed, Meursault is remarkably indifferent after the murder, stating that it was like knocking on the door to unhappiness. One would expect a much more dramatic reaction to an act of violence such as a murder, yet Meursault does not have a typical person’s point of view. 
            The conflict between an absurd man and a non-absurd society manifests itself as a key theme in the novel with the murder of the Arab as the central focal point. Society within the novel attempts to explain and rationalize the murder in his court case. There are many potential explanations, such as self-defense, yet Meursault will not recognize any motive to his action other than that he wanted to stop the pressure from the sun. His explanation sounds ridiculous, and society does not accept it. Instead, during the trial, people point to Meursault’s relationship with his mother and his reaction toward her death as justification that he is not an ethically sound person. Society wants to find a motive for the murder; people want to make sense of it based on their belief that life carries meaning. They do not accept that Meursault could murder for a random reason such as the burning sunlight. The murder of the Arab serves as an enigma that can only be reconciled by the reader accepting Meursault as acting based on an absurdist philosophy.

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